<b>Benedetto Croce</b>&#39;s &quot;<b>Manifesto of the Anti-Fascist Intellectuals</b>&quot; was a document written in 1925 by a group of Italian intellectuals, including Croce, to denounce the rise of fascism in Italy under <b>Benito Mussolini</b>.<br /><br />The manifesto argued that fascism was a threat to individual liberty, democracy, and intellectual freedom, and called for intellectuals to stand up against the fascist regime. It also stressed the importance of education, culture, and democracy in promoting a free and open society.<br /><br /><b>Benedetto Croce</b> (1866-1952) was an Italian philosopher, historian, and politician. He is best known for his contributions to aesthetics and philosophy of history.<br /><br />Croce was born in <b>Pescasseroli</b>, <b>Italy</b>, and studied philosophy and literature at the University of Rome. He later became a professor of philosophy at the <b>University of Naples</b>, where he taught for many years.