INTRODUCTION.

At the end of this book there are a couple of letters from a volume of the “Travels in England” which were not by Defoe, although resembling Defoe’s work so much in form and title, and so near to it in date of publication, that a volume of one book is often found taking the place of a volume of the other.  A purchaser of Defoe’s “Travels in England” has therefore to take care that he is not buying one of the mixed sets.  Each of the two works describes England at the end of the first quarter of the eighteenth century.  Our added descriptions of Bath, and of the journey by Chester to Holyhead, were published in 1722; Defoe’s “Journey from London to the Land’s End” was published in 1724, and both writers help us to compare the past with the present by their accounts of England as it was in the days of George the First, more than a hundred and sixty years ago.  The days certainly are gone when, after a good haul of pilchards, seventeen can be bought for a halfpenny, and two gentlemen and their servant can have them broiled at a tavern and dine on them for three farthings, dressing and all.  In another of his journeys Defoe gives a seaside tavern bill, in which the charges were ridiculously small for everything except for bread.  It was war time, and the bread was the most costly item in the bill.