The nineteenth century shows to the student economic theories and the world of facts acting and interacting, each on each, and on the whole coming nearer in the process. Theories must and do in?uence men, and men theories. If Ricardo overworked deduction, he was the victim of an intellectual fashion which had its uses, performed its task, and made operative alike in theory and in practice the means of its own overthrow. If it be, mediately or immediately, Ricardo's shame to have justified many forms of misery, it is no less Ricardo's glory to have suggested many paths Of escape.