The use of woodworking machines, with the exception of the lathe, by large classes of freshmen is not recom mended. The chapter On Woodworking Machines is in cluded in the text for the use of such classes as can be organized with sufficiently small numbers to allow the instructor to give close and continuous attention to the machines. There is no reason, however, why much Of such matter may not be read and studied by freshmen as they secure shop experience with the hand tools. A freshman who does not expect to take advanced shopwork in wood will be profited by knowing how much Of his hand tool work is duplicated by machines in a way which makes possible cheaper and, if well done, equally good pro duction. It has been found impracticable to treat the subject of Carpentry as a chapter Of this text. Then, too, because of physical limitations, carpentry can hardly find a place so nearly universal in the general school curriculum as the more strictly bench subjects. For these reasons carpentry has been treated by the author in a separate text.