The Iron Heel is a novel by Jack London, first published in 1908. Generally considered to be "the earliest of the modern Dystopian",it chronicles the rise of an oligarchic tyranny in the United States. It is arguably the novel in which Jack London's socialist views are most explicitly on display. A forerunner of soft science fiction novels and stories of the 1960s and '70s, the book stresses future changes in society and politics while paying much less attention to technological changes. The book is unusual among London's writings in being a first-person narrative of a woman protagonist written by a man.