In other words, the Gaelic culture of the Irish chieftainry was mdely broken off in the seventeenth century, and the continental Schools of European despots implanted in its place in the minds of the Irish students, and sent them back to Ireland to preach a fanatical belief in royal and feudal prerogatives, as foreign to the genius of the Gael as was the English ruler to Irish soil. What a light this sheds upon Irish history of the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries! And what a com mentary it is upon the real origin of that so-called Irish veneration for the aristocracy, of which the bourgeois Charlatans of Irish literature write so eloquently' That veneration is seen to be as much of an exotic, as much of an importation, as the aristocratic caste it venerated.