Tins book is an attempt to deal, above all, with Ibsen as representative of modern consciousness. In this respect it may be considered a comple ment to the merely aesthetic or merely social criticisms of Ibsen and his works. Although the present study forms an independent whole, it is nevertheless inwardly connected with my psycho-critical study of Dostoevsky (dostoevsky and bis Creation, Collins) and also with two other studies which are to follow.