In the first place, the phrase in India signifies that Bud dhism in its rather loose modern use must be said to have undergone from time to time a peculiar process of change among peoples other than Indian. Buddhism really covers, as Mrs. Rhys Davids emphatically claims, the thought and culture of the great part of India for some centuries, as well as that of Further India (pace China and Japan) up till the present,1 whereas the scope of the present essay for the simple necessity of its being limited, hardly leaves room for carrying our reseat ches beyond India-proper.