The Connection Between England and Scotland. E-book. Formato PDF Ella S. Armitage   -  Forgotten Books, 2017  - 

Pictish Reaction, 685. — But for one small kingdom to hold down a number of others, economical resources were needed such as were not possessed by any Of the states Of the so-called Heptarchy; hence a single battle was Often enough to end for a time the English supre macy over the Kelts. The turn of the Picts came in 685, when a second attempt which they made to throw Off the sovereignty of nrith was completely success ful, nrith being defeated and slain at Dunnichen, in Forfar. In consequence of this fatal battle, not only did the Picts recover their independence, but Beda tells us that the Scots and some part of the Britons (probably the Britons of Strathclyde) regained their liberty. The Angles, however, did not lose their authority over Galloway, still less over English Cum berland, which continued under the rule of N orthumbria till it was conquered by the N orthmen.

The Early Norman Castles of the British Isles. E-book. Formato PDF Ella S. Armitage   -  Forgotten Books, 2017  - 

The chapters on Saxon and Danish earthworks in the present volume were written before the appearance of his book, though the results arrived at are only slightly different. In Chapter V. An effort is made to trace the first appearance of the private castle in European history. The private castle is an institution which is often care lessly supposed to have existed from time immemorial. The writer contends that it only appears after the establishment of the feudal system. The favourable reception given by archaeologists to the paper read before the Scottish Society led the writer to follow up this interesting subject, and to make a closer study of the motte-castles of Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. The book now offered is the fruit of eleven years of further research. The result of the inquiry is to establish the theory advanced in that earlier paper, that these castles, in the British Islands, are in every case of Norman origin.