Leather Manufacture: A Practical Handbook of Tanning, Currying, and Chrome Leather Dressing. E-book. Formato PDF Alexander Watt   -  Forgotten Books, 2017  - 

Respecting the early history of tanning, some very interesting facts are given in the Gerber Courier of Vienna, from which we extract the following The oldest method of tanning is red or bark tanning, or that in which, in addition to the wooden and iron scraping and rubbing instrument used in the preparation or improve ment of the hide or skin, limewater and astringent extracts from oak and other kinds of bark, or from other vegetable substances, are employed. It is called red tanning because the tanning substances always contain more or less colouring matter, which dye the leather through and through of a more or less reddish colour. The ancient Orientals understood the art of preparing not only common leather, but even good and often finely coloured varieties, similar to our Morocco and Cordovan. Persian and Babylonian leather has been celebrated time out of mind. Many centuries back such leather was brought from Asia into Europe — first into Turkey, Prussia, and Hungary, and thence, later, into Germany, Holland, England, France, Spain, &c., and these countries subse quently learned to manufacture leather themselves. In the first centuries of Christianity, the Turks, Russians, and Hungarians were the most celebrated tanners; subse quently England, the Netherlands, and Spain endeavoured to equal them.

The Art of Paper-Making: A Practical Handbook of the Manufacture of Paper From Rags, Esparto, Straw, and Other Fibrous Materials, Including the Manufacture of Pulp From Wood Fibre. E-book. Formato PDF Alexander Watt   -  Forgotten Books, 2017  - 

The recovery of soda from waste liquors has been fully dealt with, and the details Of several applied processes explained.

The Art of Soap-Making: A Practical Handbook of the Manufacture of Hard and Soft Soaps, Toilet Soaps, Etc;, Including Many New Processes, and a Chapter on the Recovery of Glycerine From Waste Leys. E-book. Formato PDF Alexander Watt   -  Forgotten Books, 2017  - 

Castile, or Olive-oil Soap — Pure olive-oil Soap, or White Castile Soap — Marseilles Soap — French Marbled Soap — Notes on Mot tling — French Formulas for Soaps — The Composition of Pure.